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Iron Condor: Everything You Need To Know
CONTENTS
11
FAQsWHAT is an Iron Condor?
An iron condor is a directionally neutral, defined risk strategy that profits from the underlying trading in a range, through the expiration of the options contract. It’s made up of a short vertical put spread and a short vertical call spread in a single transaction, in the same expiration.
IRON CONDOR ANATOMY
Simply put, an iron condor is a short strangle with long options that are purchased further out-of-the-money (OTM) to define your risk. Just like with a strangle, this is a great way to get exposure to stock without taking a directional position. It benefits from the passage of time and any decreases in implied volatility (IV). It’s also a way of potentially playing a non-movement and a volatility contraction going into earning.
overview & Setup
DEFINITION
An iron condor is a directionally neutral, defined risk strategy that profits from a stock trading in a range through the expiration of the options. It benefits from the passage of time and any decreases in implied volatility.
DIRECTIONAL ASSUMPTION
Neutral
IDEAL IMPLIED VOLATILITY ENVIRONMENT
High
PROFIT LOSS CHART
IRON CONDOR SETUP STEPS
- Sell OTM Call Vertical Spread
- Sell OTM Put Vertical Spread
IRON CONDOR SETUP
- Sell OTM Call Vertical Spread
- Sell OTM Put Vertical Spread
IRON CONDOR OPTIONS STRATEGY: HOW DOES IT WORK?
An iron condor options strategy is nothing more than an OTM short put credit spread combined with an OTM short call credit spread sold at the same time and in the same expiration cycle. Iron condors are neutral strategies because the bullish nature of our short put spread is offset by the bearish nature of our short call spread. Both hedge each other, and benefit from expiring OTM.
HOW AN IRON CONDOR WORKS
An iron condor works just like a strangle. A short strangle is a position that is a neutral strategy that profits when the stock stays between the short strikes as time passes, as well as any decreases in implied volatility.
- It involves the sale of a bullish spread (short put spread) and a bearish spread (short call spread) at the same time
- The position profits from the stock landing between the strikes at expiration
- Since the trade position is a spread, the risk and reward are both defined on entry
- The credit received for selling the position up front is the max potential profit
- The width of the largest spread (if spread widths are different), less credit received is the max loss
- Since we are collecting a credit up front and we want our options to expire worthless, we are betting against the underlying moving past either spread by the expiration of our contracts
An iron condor uses four options at different strikes, making it a defined risk strangle:
- Sell 1 OTM put with a strike price closer to the current price
- Buy 1 OTM put with a strike price below the short put strike price
- Sell 1 OTM call with a strike price above the current price
- Buy 1 OTM call with a strike price above the short call strike price
DEFINED RISK STRANGLE
An iron condor uses four options at different strikes, making it a defined risk strangle:
- Sell 1 OTM put with a strike price closer to the current price
- Buy 1 OTM put with a strike price below the short put strike price
- Sell 1 OTM call with a strike price above the current price
- Buy 1 OTM call with a strike price above the short call strike price
IRON CONDOR EXAMPLE
Iron condor examples are a practical way to help you grasp their setup and see exactly how the strategy performs in various scenarios. Let’s have a look at an iron condor example.Let’s say the stock price is at $500.00 and there’s 60 days till expiration. The width of the put and call spread are $50.00 wide.
EXAMPLE
To set up the iron condor position, you’ll:
- Sell the 550 call option and collect $8.00
- Buy the 600 call option for $2.00
- Sell the 450 put option and collect $9.00
- Buy the 400 put option for $3.00
The total option premium collected is $17.00 for selling the 450 put and the 550 call. While the total premium paid is $5.00 for buying the 600 call and 400 put. The net premium collected is $2.00; since you’ll collect $7.00 for the short options and paid $5.00 for the long options.
With this example, more option premium was collected from the short options than paid for the long options. This leaves you with a $12.00 net credit. ($17.00 - $5.00).
You’ll get a maximum profit if all options expire worthless and the iron condor’s value is $0.00 at expiration, which will happen if all options expire OTM. The maximum profit potential occurs at any price between $450.00 and $550.00, which is ±10% from the stock price at entry. The maximum profit potential is $1,200.00. This is calculated by the $12.00 net credit you’ll collect for selling the iron condor x 100 = $1,200.00 per iron condor sold if the value is $0.00.
The maximum loss for this trade is $3,800.00. This is calculated by the $50.00 wide max spread width (put and call spreads are the same width) - $12.00 net credit x 100 = $3,800.00 per iron condor sold.
The maximum loss potential will happen if the price is below $400.00 or above $600.00 at expiration, in 60 days (±20% stock price movement).
The lower breakeven price for this trade is $438.00. ($450.00 put strike - $11.38 iron condor credit = $438.62). The short $450.00 put will have $12.00 of intrinsic value at expiration, while all of the other iron condor options will have expired worthless. Leaving you with a trade of $12.00, the same amount you sold the iron condor for at the time of entering the trade, thus no profits or losses.
The upper breakeven price for this iron condor is $562.00. ($550.00 short call strike + $12.00 iron condor credit = $562.00). The $550.00 call option will have $12.00 of intrinsic value at expiration, while the put side will also expire worthless, exactly like with the lower breakeven.
TASTYTRADE APPROACH
We approach iron condors with similar entry tactics. We shoot for collecting 1/3rd the width of the strikes in premium upon trade entry. For example, if we have an iron condor with three point wide spreads, we will look to collect $1.00 for the trade. This gives us a probability of success around 67%, which is acceptable to us.
CLOSing & MANAGing
We approach iron condors with similar entry tactics. We shoot for collecting 1/3rd the width of the strikes in premium upon trade entry. For example, if we have an iron condor with three point wide spreads, we will look to collect $1.00 for the trade. This gives us a probability of success around 67%, which is acceptable to us.
WHEN TO CLOSE
Much like other standard premium selling strategies, we close iron condors when we reach 50% of our max profit. This can increase our win rate over time, as we are taking risk off the table and locking in profits.
WHEN TO MANAGE
We manage iron condors by adjusting the untested side, or profitable side of the spread. We look to roll the untested spread closer to the stock price to collect more premium. We can go as far as rolling our untested spread to the same short strike as our tested spread, which creates an iron fly. Learn more about Iron Condor Management.
IRON CONDOR PROFIT & LOSS
Iron condors are defined risk trades where the maximum loss and profit potential are capped. Max profit is capped at the credit received up front, and max loss is limited to the width of the widest spread being ITM at expiration, less the credit received, since our long options protect the risk in our short options if the spread moves ITM.
Iron Condor Max Profit
The maximum profit potential for an iron condor is the net credit received when constructing the four-leg options positions. Maximum profit is realized when the underlying settles between the short strikes of the trade at expiration, where all options expire worthless. Iron condor traders don’t need to hold the strategy to expiration though – if they see a 50% profit where the spread is trading for 50% of the credit received up front for example, they can close the trade by simply routing the opposite order or “buying back” the iron condor using the same strikes and same expiration cycle.
- Net Credit Recieved
Maximum profit is realized when the underlying settles between the short strikes of the trade at expiration.
Iron Condor Max LOSS
The maximum loss is capped at the width of the widest spread, less credit received up front, which is the buying power reduction (BPR) of the strategy when opening the position (excluding SPAN margin on futures products). It’ll sustain losses when the stock price is beyond the breakeven point of the ITM short option. If both spreads are $5 wide, the max loss is $5 less the credit received up front, since only one spread can be ITM at any time
- Widest Spread – Credit Recieved
Maximum loss is realized when one credit spread is fully ITM at expiration - this results in the spread trading for maximum value against us (spread width), less the credit received up front.
HOW TO CALCULATE BREAKEVENS
When selling options, you can use the credit received on trade entry to improve your breakevens. See the example above and how even if the short option moves ITM and takes on intrinsic value, we can offset that with the extrinsic value premium we collected up front to enter the trade and take the risk of being in it.
See how to calculate your breakevens with short options using the formula below:
Maximum loss is realized when one credit spread is fully ITM at expiration - this results in the spread trading for maximum value against us (spread width), less the credit received up front.
Upside
- Short Call Strike + Credit Received
downside
- Short Put Strike - Credit Received
what is a reverse iron condor?
A reverse iron condor, also known as a long iron condor, is a limited risk options strategy that is entered for a net debit. You can expect a profit when there’s volatility, and the price moves significantly in either direction. It’s the exact inverse of a regular iron condor where we collect a credit up front and we are betting against the movement of a stock, where we want our strikes to expire OTM. With a reverse iron condor, we pay a debit up front and we need one of the spreads to move ITM at expiration to potentially profit by selling out of the spread for a greater value than we paid for it up front.
How to construct a reverse iron condor:
- Buy 1 lower OTM put than the stock price (+1 OTM put)
- Sell and even lower strike to reduce the cost basis on the long put (-1 OTM put)
- But a higher OTM call strike than the stock price (+1 OTM call)
- Sell an even higher call strike to reduce the cost basis on the long call (-1 OTM call)
Iron Condor vs Iron Butterfly: What are the Differences?
The iron condor uses the same components as the iron butterfly – the iron condor uses OTM put and call credit spreads to create a wide range of profitability, where the iron butterfly uses ATM put and call credit spreads where the short put and call are on the same strike. This setup results in a higher max profit due to the higher credit received up front, but typically results in worse breakevens than the iron condor. Both of these options trading strategies bet on low realized volatility, or bet against the movement of the stock price, and are composed of four options of the same expiration.
Even though the iron butterfly may look like the cherry on top due to the fact that it collects more extrinsic value premium upfront, it comes with a greater risk than iron condor since the breakevens are worse, and one option will almost always be ITM, meaning we should not expect to keep 100% of the credit we collected up front.
Let’s take a look at some of the main differences and similarities between the iron condor and iron butterfly:
IRON CONDOR
- Uses four different strike prices
- Maximum profit is the net credit received, and we will realize max profit if the stock is between our strikes at expiration
- Maximum loss is the difference between the long call and short call strikes, or the long put and short put strikes – whichever spread is wider if that applies – less the premium collected up front
- Lower risk of max loss with less profit potential
- The wings are set far OTM and this offers protection against significant moves in either direction
IRON BUTTERFLY
- Uses three different strike prices (short put and call share the same strike price)
- Maximum profit is the net credit received, but the expectation is that this will not happen, since one short strike is almost always ITM
- Maximum loss is the difference between the long call and short call strikes, or the long put and short put strikes – whichever spread is wider if that applies – less the premium collected up front
- Higher profit potential and higher risk of max loss
- Position set closer to stock’s current price, and we assume one strike will always be ITM
IRON CONDOR OPTIONS STRATEGY SUMMED UP
- An iron condor is the defined risk version of a strangle with a capped max profit and loss
- An iron condor benefits from the passage of time and the options expiring OTM
- This options strategy is directionally unbiased
- An iron butterfly has more potential for profit, but it comes at higher risk with the strikes being right at the stock price
- A reverse iron condor will profit when there’s significant movement in the stock price – it’s the exact inverse of what a regular iron condor aims to achieve
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